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How TLS 1.3 works: handshakes, certificates, SNI and forward secrecy

An original source-backed IROSG IT guide.

How TLS 1.3 works: handshakes, certificates, SNI and forward secrecy

Scope

This original IROSG guide covers Handshake و مدل اعتماد TLS 1.3 using the cited primary documentation.

Core model

TLS 1.3 handshake را ساده‌تر و الگوریتم‌های قدیمی را حذف کرده است. client و server روی پارامترها توافق می‌کنند، server هویت خود را با certificate chain اثبات می‌کند و key exchange کلیدهای موقتی جلسه را می‌سازد.

Practical workflow

openssl s_client، curl -v و browser devtools را برای دیدن SNI، ALPN، certificate chain و protocol version استفاده کنید. expiry تنها failure نیست؛ hostname و chain نیز باید معتبر باشند.

Failure modes

TLS termination روی proxy مرز رمزنگاری را جابه‌جا می‌کند. اگر upstream plaintext است، فرض end-to-end encryption غلط است. همچنین wildcard certificate مجوز اعتماد به headerهای proxy نیست.

Lab

یک server آزمایشی با certificate معتبر/نامعتبر بسازید، handshake را با openssl ببینید و hostname mismatch، expired cert و protocol mismatch را جدا تست کنید.

Production method

Capture a baseline, change one variable at a time, test positive and negative paths, keep evidence, and rehearse rollback before broad rollout.

TRACEABLE KNOWLEDGE

Sources & further reading

01
Cloudflare — مرجع فنیhttps://blog.cloudflare.com/rfc-8446-aka-tls-1-3/

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